conf: rename

22 files changed, 2184 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/carattere-maggiore.cc b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/carattere-maggiore.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e89fcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/carattere-maggiore.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#include<iostream>
+#include<map>
+#include<fstream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+
+
+int main() {
+    ifstream in("input.txt");
+    ofstream out("output.txt");
+
+    for(int ts = 0; ts < 100; ++ts) {
+        string line;
+        getline(in, line);
+        map<char, int> chs;
+        for(auto const& c : line) {
+            if(c == ' ') continue;
+            if(chs.find(c) != chs.end())
+                chs[c]++;
+            else
+                chs[c] = 1;
+        }
+        int n = 0;
+        char c = 'a';
+        for(auto const& i : chs) {
+            if(i.second >= n) {
+                if(i.first >= c) {
+                    n = i.second;
+                    c = i.first;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        out << c << ' ' << n << endl;
+    }
+
+    out.close();
+    in.close();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/dequeue.cc b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/dequeue.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b012c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/dequeue.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+
+#include<iostream>
+#include<fstream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+template<class T>
+class node {
+public:
+    node(T key, node<T>* next) : _key{key}, _next{next} {}
+    node(T key) : _key{key}, _next{nullptr} {}
+    const T& key() const { return _key; }
+    T& key() { return _key; }
+    const node<T>*& next() const { return _next; }
+    node<T>*& next() { return _next; }
+private:
+    T _key;
+    node<T>* _next;
+};
+
+template<class T>
+class Coda {
+public:
+    Coda() : _head{nullptr}, _tail{nullptr} {}
+    ~Coda() {
+
+    }
+    Coda<T>* enqueue(T val) {
+        if(!_head) {
+            _head = new node<T>{val, nullptr};
+            _tail = _head;
+        } else {
+            _tail->next() = new node<T>{val, nullptr};
+            _tail = _tail->next();
+        }
+
+        return this;
+    }
+    node<T>* dequeue() {
+        if(!_head) return nullptr;
+        node<T>* elem = _head;
+        delete _head;
+        _head = elem->next();
+
+        return elem;
+    }
+
+    bool is_empty() { return _head == nullptr; }
+private:
+    node<T>* _head;
+    node<T>* _tail;
+};
+
+int main() {
+    ifstream in("input.txt");
+    ofstream out("output.txt");
+
+    for(int ts = 0; ts < 100; ++ts) {
+        string t;
+        int n;
+        in >> t;
+        switch(t.at(0)) {
+        case 'b': {
+            Coda<bool>* queue = new Coda<bool>{};
+            in >> n;
+            string s;
+            for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                in >> s;
+                if(s.at(0) == 'i') {
+                    queue->enqueue(s.at(1) - '0');
+                } else {
+                    queue->dequeue();
+                }
+            }
+            while(!queue->is_empty())
+                out << queue->dequeue()->key() << ' ';
+            out << endl;
+            break;
+        }
+        case 'd': {
+            Coda<double>* queue = new Coda<double>{};
+            in >> n;
+            string s;
+            for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                in >> s;
+                if(s.at(0) == 'i') {
+                    queue->enqueue(stod(s.substr(1, s.length()-1)));
+                } else {
+                    queue->dequeue();
+                }
+            }
+            while(!queue->is_empty())
+                out << queue->dequeue()->key() << ' ';
+            out << endl;
+            break;
+        }
+        case 'c': {
+            Coda<char>* queue = new Coda<char>{};
+            in >> n;
+            string s;
+            for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                in >> s;
+                if(s.at(0) == 'i') {
+                    queue->enqueue(s.at(1));
+                } else {
+                    queue->dequeue();
+                }
+            }
+            while(!queue->is_empty())
+                out << queue->dequeue()->key() << ' ';
+            out << endl;
+            break;
+        }
+        case 'i': {
+            Coda<int>* queue = new Coda<int>{};
+            in >> n;
+            string s;
+            for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                in >> s;
+                if(s.at(0) == 'i') {
+                    queue->enqueue(stoi(s.substr(1, s.length()-1)));
+                } else {
+                    queue->dequeue();
+                }
+            }
+            while(!queue->is_empty())
+                out << queue->dequeue()->key() << ' ';
+            out << endl;
+            break;
+        }
+        }
+    }
+    in.close();
+    out.close();
+    return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/doppioni.cc b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/doppioni.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdd3e88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/doppioni.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#include<iostream>
+#include<fstream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+template<class T>
+class node {
+public:
+    node(T key, node* parent, node* right, node* left) : _key{key}, _parent{parent}, _right{right}, _left{left} {}
+    T& key() { return _key; }
+    const T& key() const { return _key; }
+    node<T>*& parent() { return _parent; }
+    const node<T>*& parent() const { return _parent; }
+    node<T>*& right() { return _right; }
+    const node<T>*& right() const { return _right; }
+    node<T>*& left() { return _left; }
+    const node<T>*& left() const { return _left; }
+private:
+    T _key;
+    node<T>* _parent;
+    node<T>* _right;
+    node<T>* _left;
+};
+
+class bst {
+public:
+    bst() : _duplicates{0}, _root{nullptr} {}
+    bst* add(int val) {
+        node<int>* iter = _root;
+        node<int>* prev = nullptr;
+        while(iter) {
+            prev = iter;
+            if(iter->key() == val) {
+                _duplicates++;
+                return this;
+            }
+
+            if(iter->key() > val)
+                iter = iter->right();
+            else
+                iter = iter->left();
+        }
+
+        node<int>* nodus = new node<int>{val, prev, nullptr, nullptr};
+        if(!prev)
+            _root = nodus;
+        else if(prev->key() > val)
+            prev->right() = nodus;
+        else
+            prev->left() = nodus;
+
+        return this;
+    }
+    const int& duplicates() const { return _duplicates; }
+private:
+    int _duplicates;
+    node<int>* _root;
+};
+
+int main() {
+    ifstream in("input.txt");
+    ofstream out("output.txt");
+    for(int ts = 0; ts < 100; ++ts) {
+        bst* b = new bst{};
+        int n;
+        in >> n;
+        int e;
+        for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            in >> e;
+            b->add(e);
+        }
+        out << b->duplicates() << endl;
+    }
+    in.close();
+    out.close();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/estremi-uguali.cc b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/estremi-uguali.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63ac019
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/estremi-uguali.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#include<iostream>
+#include<string>
+#include<fstream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+int result(string s) {
+    if(s.at(0) == s.at(s.length()-1))
+        return 1;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int main() {
+    ifstream in("input.txt");
+    ofstream out("output.txt");
+
+    for(int ts = 0; ts < 100; ++ts) {
+        int _;
+        string s;
+        int size{};
+        for(int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+            in >> _ >> s;
+            size += result(s);
+        }
+        out << size << '\n';
+    }
+
+    in.close();
+    out.close();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/even-length.cc b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/even-length.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d3d6a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/even-length.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#include<iostream>
+#include<string>
+#include<fstream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+string result(string s) {
+    if(s.length() % 2 == 0)
+        return s;
+
+    return s.substr(0, s.length()-1);
+}
+
+int main() {
+    ifstream in("input.txt");
+    ofstream out("output.txt");
+
+    for(int ts = 0; ts < 100; ++ts) {
+        string s;
+        in >> s;
+        out << result(s) << '\n';
+    }
+
+    in.close();
+    out.close();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/exam_08_10_14.cc b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/exam_08_10_14.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9c33be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/exam_08_10_14.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+#include<iostream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+template<class H> class MultiBST {
+    virtual MultiBST<H>* ins(H x) = 0;
+    virtual int multiplicity(H x) = 0;
+    virtual void inorder() = 0;
+};
+
+template<class H>
+class node {
+public:
+    node(H val) : _key{val}, _parent{nullptr}, _left{nullptr}, _right{nullptr}, _rk{1} {}
+    H& key() { return _key; }  
+    const H& key() const { return _key; }  
+    node<H>*& parent() { return _parent; }
+    const node<H>*& parent() const { return _parent; }
+    node<H>*& left() { return _left; }
+    const node<H>*& left() const { return _left; }
+    node<H>*& right() { return _right; }
+    const node<H>*& right() const { return _right; }
+    int& rk() { return _rk; }
+    const int& rk() const { return _rk; }
+private:
+    H _key;
+    node<H>* _parent;
+    node<H>* _left;
+    node<H>* _right;
+    int _rk;
+};
+
+template<class H>
+class MyMultiBST : public MultiBST<H> {
+public:
+    MyMultiBST() : _root{nullptr} {}
+    node<H>*& root() { return _root; }
+    const node<H>*& root() const { return _root; }
+    int multiplicity(H x) {
+        auto elem = _search(x);
+        if(elem)
+            return elem->rk();
+        return 0;
+    }
+    MyMultiBST<H>* ins(H x) {
+        auto iter = _search(x);
+        if(iter) {
+            iter->rk() = iter->rk()+1;
+        } else {
+            iter = _root;
+            node<H>* y{nullptr};
+
+            while(iter) {
+                y = iter;
+                if(iter->key() > x) 
+                    iter = iter->left();
+                else
+                    iter = iter->right();
+            }
+
+            node<H>* nodus = new node<H>{x};
+            nodus->parent() = y;
+            if(!y) {
+                _root = nodus;
+            } else if(y->key() > x) {
+                y->left() = nodus;
+            } else {
+                y->right() = nodus;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return this;
+    }
+    void inorder() {
+       _inorder(_root);
+    }
+    MyMultiBST<H>* del(H x) {
+        node<H>* y;
+        node<H>* z = _search(x);
+
+        if(!z) return this;
+
+        if(z->rk() > 1) {
+            z->rk() = z->rk()-1;
+        } else {
+            if(!z->left()) {
+                _transplant(z, z->right());
+            } else if(!z->right()) {
+                _transplant(z, z->left());
+            } else {
+                y = _min(z->right());
+                if(y->parent() != z) {
+                    _transplant(y, y->right());
+                    y->right() = z->right();
+                    y->right()->parent() = y;
+                }
+                _transplant(z, y);
+                y->left() = z->left();
+                y->left()->parent() = y;
+                delete z;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return this;
+    }
+    node<H>* predecessor(H x) {
+        auto iter = _search(x);
+        if(!iter) return nullptr;
+        if(iter->left())
+            return _max(iter->left());
+
+        auto y = iter->parent();
+        while(y && iter == y->left()) {
+            iter = y;
+            y = y->parent();
+        }
+
+        return y;
+    }
+    int rank(H x) {
+        auto iter = predecessor(x);
+        int sum{1};
+        while(iter) {
+            sum+=iter->rk();
+            iter = predecessor(iter->key());
+        }
+        return sum;
+    }
+private:
+    void _transplant(node<H>* u, node<H>* v) {
+        if(!u->parent()) _root = v;
+        else if(u == u->parent()->left())
+            u->parent()->left() = v;
+        else
+            u->parent()->right() = v;
+
+        if(v)
+            v->parent() = u->parent();
+    }
+    node<H>* _max(node<H>* x) {
+        if(!x) return nullptr;
+
+        auto iter = x;
+        while(iter->right()) {
+            iter = iter->right();
+        }
+
+        return iter;
+    }
+    node<H>* _min(node<H>* x) {
+        if(!x) return nullptr;
+
+        auto iter = x;
+        while(iter->left()) {
+            iter = iter->left();
+        }
+
+        return iter;
+    }
+    void _inorder(node<H>* p) {
+        if(p) {
+            _inorder(p->left());
+            for(int i = 0; i < p->rk(); ++i) {
+                cout << p->key() << ' ';
+            }
+            _inorder(p->right());
+        }
+    }
+    node<H>* _search(H val) {
+        auto iter = _root;
+        while(iter && iter->key() != val) {
+            if(iter->key() > val)
+                iter = iter->left();
+            else
+                iter = iter->right();
+        }
+
+        return iter;
+    }
+    node<H>* _root;
+};
+
+int main() {
+    MyMultiBST<int>* t = new MyMultiBST<int>{};
+
+    for(auto const& i : {10, 7, 7, 23, 30, 4, 1, 5, 9, 5, 1, 7, 1, 9})
+        t->ins(i);
+
+    t->inorder();
+    cout << '\n';
+    for(auto const& i : {5, 7, 17})
+        cout << i << ": " << t->multiplicity(i) << endl;
+
+    for(auto const& i : {7, 4, 23, 7, 7})
+        t->del(i);
+    t->inorder();
+    cout << '\n';
+    for(auto const& i: {5, 9, 30})
+        cout << t->rank(i) << ' ';
+    delete t;
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/exam_20_07_20/ex1.cpp b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/exam_20_07_20/ex1.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f08a74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/exam_20_07_20/ex1.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#include<iostream>
+#include<sstream>
+#include<fstream>
+#include<vector>
+
+using namespace std;
+int insertionsort(vector<int>& a, int n) {
+    int c = 0;
+    for(int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
+        int j = i-1;
+        int key = a[i];
+        while(j > -1 && a[j] > key) {
+            swap(a[j+1], a[j]);
+            --j;
+            c++;
+        }
+        a[j+1] = key;
+    }
+    return c;
+}
+int main() {
+    ifstream in("input.txt");
+    ofstream out("output.txt");
+
+    for(int ts = 0; ts < 100; ++ts) {
+        int N;
+        in >> N;
+        int a, b;
+        vector<int> v;
+        for(int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
+            in >> a >> b;
+            v.push_back(a+b);
+        }
+        out << insertionsort(v, v.size()) << endl;
+    }
+    in.close();
+    out.close();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/exam_20_07_20/ex2.cpp b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/exam_20_07_20/ex2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aed25e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/exam_20_07_20/ex2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#include<iostream>
+#include<sstream>
+#include<fstream>
+#include<queue>
+
+using namespace std;
+using pi = tuple<int, int, vector<int>>;
+
+class comp {
+public:
+    bool operator()(const pi& lhs, const pi& rhs) const {
+        auto xl = get<0>(lhs);
+        auto yl = get<0>(rhs);
+
+        auto il = get<1>(lhs);
+        auto jl = get<1>(rhs);
+        if(xl == yl)
+            return il > jl;
+        return xl > yl;
+    }
+};
+
+int main() {
+    ifstream in("input.txt");
+    ofstream out("output.txt");
+
+    for(int ts = 0; ts < 100; ++ts) {
+        int R, C;
+        in >> R >> C;
+        vector<vector<int>> v;
+        priority_queue<pi, vector<pi>, comp> pq;
+        int k;
+        for(int i = 0; i < R; ++i) {
+            v.push_back(vector<int>{});
+            for(int j = 0; j < C; ++j) {
+                in >> k;
+                v[i].push_back(k);
+            }
+        }
+
+        int index = 0;
+        for(auto const& i : v) {
+            int s = 0;
+            pi qq;
+            for(auto const& j : i)
+                s += j;
+            get<0>(qq) = s;
+            get<1>(qq) = index++;
+            get<2>(qq) = i;
+            pq.push(qq);
+        }
+        while(!pq.empty()) {
+            auto q = pq.top();
+            pq.pop();
+            for(auto const& i : get<2>(q))
+                out << i << ' ';
+        }
+        out << endl;
+    }
+    in.close();
+    out.close();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/exam_20_07_20/ex3.cpp b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/exam_20_07_20/ex3.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71f9c65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/exam_20_07_20/ex3.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+#include<iostream>
+#include<sstream>
+#include<fstream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+template<class T>
+struct node {
+    T key;
+    node<T>* prev;
+    node<T>* right;
+    node<T>* left;
+};
+
+template<class T>
+class bst {
+public:
+    bst() : root{nullptr} , _val{0}{}
+
+    ~bst() {
+        // TODO
+    }
+
+    bst<T>* insert(initializer_list<T>&& list) {
+        for(auto const& i : list)
+            insert(i);
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    bst<T>* insert(T k) {
+        node<T>* nodus = new node<T>{k, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr};
+        node<T>* iter = root;
+        node<T>* prev = nullptr;
+
+        while(iter) {
+            prev = iter;
+            iter = (k < iter->key) ? iter->left : iter->right;
+        }
+
+        nodus->prev = prev;
+        if(!prev)
+            root = nodus;
+        else if(k < prev->key)
+            prev->left = nodus;
+        else
+            prev->right = nodus;
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    bst<T>* remove(initializer_list<T>&& list) {
+        for(auto const& i : list)
+            remove(i);
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    bst<T>* remove(T k) {
+        node<T>* nodus = search(k);
+        if(!nodus) return this;
+
+        if(!nodus->left) {
+            _transplant(nodus, nodus->right);
+        } else if(!nodus->right) {
+            _transplant(nodus, nodus->left);
+        } else {
+            node<T>* iter = _min(nodus->right);
+            if(iter->prev != nodus) {
+                _transplant(iter, iter->right);
+                iter->right = nodus->right;
+                iter->right->prev = iter;
+            }
+            _transplant(nodus, iter);
+            iter->left = nodus->left;
+            iter->left->prev = iter;
+        }
+
+        delete nodus;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    node<T>* min() {
+        return _min(root);
+    }
+
+    node<T>* min(node<T>* nodus) {
+        return _min(nodus);
+    }
+
+    node<T>* max() {
+        return _max(root);
+    }
+
+    node<T>* max(node<T>* nodus) {
+        return _max(nodus);
+    }
+
+    node<T>* search(T k) {
+        node<T>* iter = root;
+        while(iter && iter->key != k)
+            iter = (iter->key > k) ? iter->left : iter->right;
+
+        return iter;
+    }
+
+    node<T>* successor(T k) {
+        node<T>* nodus = search(k);
+        if(!nodus) return nullptr;
+
+        if(nodus->right)
+            return min(nodus->right);
+
+        node<T>* prev = nodus->prev;
+        while(prev && nodus == prev->right) {
+            nodus = prev;
+            prev = prev->prev;
+        }
+
+        return prev;
+
+    }
+    node<T>* predecessor(T k) {
+        node<T>* nodus = search(k);
+        if(!nodus) return nullptr;
+
+        if(nodus->left)
+            return max(nodus->left);
+
+        node<T>* prev = nodus->prev;
+        while(prev && nodus == prev->left) {
+            nodus = prev;
+            prev = prev->prev;
+        }
+
+        return prev;
+    }
+
+    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, bst<T>* tree) {
+        tree->_inorder(os, tree->root);
+        return os;
+    }
+    T sol(T k) {
+        return _max(search(k))->key;
+    }
+private:
+    int _val;
+    void _transplant(node<T>* u, node<T>* v) {
+        if(!u->prev) {
+            root = v;
+        } else if(u == u->prev->left) {
+            u->prev->left = v;
+        } else {
+            u->prev->right = v;
+        }
+
+        if(v)
+            v->prev = u->prev;
+    }
+
+    node<T>* _min(node<T>* root) {
+        node<T>* iter = root;
+        while(iter && iter->left)
+            iter = iter->left;
+
+        return iter;
+    }
+
+    node<T>* _max(node<T>* root) {
+        node<T>* iter = root;
+        while(iter && iter->right)
+            iter = iter->right;
+
+        return iter;
+    }
+
+    void _inorder(ostream& os, node<T>* root) {
+        if(root) {
+            if(root->right && root->left) {
+                _val++;
+            }
+            _inorder(os, root->left);
+            os << root->key << ' ';
+            _inorder(os, root->right);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void _preorder(ostream& os, node<T>* root) {
+        if(root) {
+            os << root->key << ' ';
+            _inorder(os, root->left);
+            _inorder(os, root->right);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void _postorder(ostream& os, node<T>* root) {
+        if(root) {
+            _inorder(os, root->left);
+            _inorder(os, root->right);
+            os << root->key << ' ';
+        }
+    }
+    node<T>* root;
+};
+
+int main() {
+    ifstream in("input.txt");
+    ofstream out("output.txt");
+
+    for(int ts = 0; ts < 100; ++ts) {
+        string t, comm;
+        in >> t;
+        int n;
+        switch(t.at(0)) {
+        case 'd':
+            {
+                bst<double>* b = new bst<double>{};
+                in >> n;
+                double k;
+                for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                    in >> comm;
+                    stringstream tcomm(comm);
+                    int ex= 0;
+                    while(getline(tcomm, comm, ':')) {
+                        if(ex == 0) {
+                            if(comm == "ins")
+                                ex = 1;
+                            else
+                                ex = 2;
+                        } else {
+                            if(ex == 1)
+                                b->insert(stod(comm));
+                            else
+                                b->remove(stod(comm));
+                            ex = 0;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                in >> k;
+                cout << b << endl;
+                out << b->sol(k) << endl;
+ 
+                delete b;
+                break;
+            }
+        case 'i':
+            {
+                bst<int>* b = new bst<int>{};
+                in >> n;
+                int k;
+                for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                    in >> comm;
+                    stringstream tcomm(comm);
+                    int ex= 0;
+                    while(getline(tcomm, comm, ':')) {
+                        if(ex == 0) {
+                            if(comm == "ins")
+                                ex = 1;
+                            else
+                                ex = 2;
+                        } else {
+                            if(ex == 1)
+                                b->insert(stoi(comm));
+                            else
+                                b->remove(stoi(comm));
+                            ex = 0;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                in >> k;
+                cout << b << endl;
+                out << b->sol(k) << endl;
+ 
+                delete b;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    in.close();
+    out.close();
+    return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/exam_20_07_20/ex4.cpp b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/exam_20_07_20/ex4.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e234363
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/exam_20_07_20/ex4.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+#include<iostream>
+#include<sstream>
+#include<fstream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+template<class T>
+struct node {
+    T key;
+    node<T>* prev;
+    node<T>* right;
+    node<T>* left;
+};
+
+template<class T>
+class bst {
+public:
+    bst() : root{nullptr} , _val{0}{}
+
+    ~bst() {
+        // TODO
+    }
+
+    bst<T>* insert(initializer_list<T>&& list) {
+        for(auto const& i : list)
+            insert(i);
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    bst<T>* insert(T k) {
+        node<T>* nodus = new node<T>{k, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr};
+        node<T>* iter = root;
+        node<T>* prev = nullptr;
+
+        while(iter) {
+            prev = iter;
+            iter = (k < iter->key) ? iter->left : iter->right;
+        }
+
+        nodus->prev = prev;
+        if(!prev)
+            root = nodus;
+        else if(k < prev->key)
+            prev->left = nodus;
+        else
+            prev->right = nodus;
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    bst<T>* remove(initializer_list<T>&& list) {
+        for(auto const& i : list)
+            remove(i);
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    bst<T>* remove(T k) {
+        node<T>* nodus = search(k);
+        if(!nodus) return this;
+
+        if(!nodus->left) {
+            _transplant(nodus, nodus->right);
+        } else if(!nodus->right) {
+            _transplant(nodus, nodus->left);
+        } else {
+            node<T>* iter = _min(nodus->right);
+            if(iter->prev != nodus) {
+                _transplant(iter, iter->right);
+                iter->right = nodus->right;
+                iter->right->prev = iter;
+            }
+            _transplant(nodus, iter);
+            iter->left = nodus->left;
+            iter->left->prev = iter;
+        }
+
+        delete nodus;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    node<T>* min() {
+        return _min(root);
+    }
+
+    node<T>* min(node<T>* nodus) {
+        return _min(nodus);
+    }
+
+    node<T>* max() {
+        return _max(root);
+    }
+
+    node<T>* max(node<T>* nodus) {
+        return _max(nodus);
+    }
+
+    node<T>* search(T k) {
+        node<T>* iter = root;
+        while(iter && iter->key != k)
+            iter = (iter->key > k) ? iter->left : iter->right;
+
+        return iter;
+    }
+
+    node<T>* successor(T k) {
+        node<T>* nodus = search(k);
+        if(!nodus) return nullptr;
+
+        if(nodus->right)
+            return min(nodus->right);
+
+        node<T>* prev = nodus->prev;
+        while(prev && nodus == prev->right) {
+            nodus = prev;
+            prev = prev->prev;
+        }
+
+        return prev;
+
+    }
+    node<T>* predecessor(T k) {
+        node<T>* nodus = search(k);
+        if(!nodus) return nullptr;
+
+        if(nodus->left)
+            return max(nodus->left);
+
+        node<T>* prev = nodus->prev;
+        while(prev && nodus == prev->left) {
+            nodus = prev;
+            prev = prev->prev;
+        }
+
+        return prev;
+    }
+
+    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, bst<T>* tree) {
+        tree->_inorder(os, tree->root);
+        return os;
+    }
+    T sol(T k) {
+        auto x = search(k);
+        auto m = _max(x)->key;
+        auto mnn = _min(x);
+        T mn;
+        if(mnn->right)
+            mn = _min(mnn->right)->key;
+        else
+            mn = mnn->key;
+        cout << m << ' ' << mn << endl;
+        return m - mn;
+    }
+private:
+    int _val;
+    void _transplant(node<T>* u, node<T>* v) {
+        if(!u->prev) {
+            root = v;
+        } else if(u == u->prev->left) {
+            u->prev->left = v;
+        } else {
+            u->prev->right = v;
+        }
+
+        if(v)
+            v->prev = u->prev;
+    }
+
+    node<T>* _min(node<T>* root) {
+        node<T>* iter = root;
+        while(iter && iter->left)
+            iter = iter->left;
+
+        return iter;
+    }
+
+    node<T>* _max(node<T>* root) {
+        node<T>* iter = root;
+        while(iter && iter->right)
+            iter = iter->right;
+
+        return iter;
+    }
+
+    void _inorder(ostream& os, node<T>* root) {
+        if(root) {
+            if(root->right && root->left) {
+                _val++;
+            }
+            _inorder(os, root->left);
+            os << root->key << ' ';
+            _inorder(os, root->right);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void _preorder(ostream& os, node<T>* root) {
+        if(root) {
+            os << root->key << ' ';
+            _inorder(os, root->left);
+            _inorder(os, root->right);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void _postorder(ostream& os, node<T>* root) {
+        if(root) {
+            _inorder(os, root->left);
+            _inorder(os, root->right);
+            os << root->key << ' ';
+        }
+    }
+    node<T>* root;
+};
+
+int main() {
+    ifstream in("input.txt");
+    ofstream out("output.txt");
+
+    for(int ts = 0; ts < 100; ++ts) {
+        string t, comm;
+        in >> t;
+        int n;
+        switch(t.at(0)) {
+        case 'd':
+            {
+                bst<double>* b = new bst<double>{};
+                in >> n;
+                double k;
+                for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                    in >> comm;
+                    stringstream tcomm(comm);
+                    int ex= 0;
+                    while(getline(tcomm, comm, ':')) {
+                        if(ex == 0) {
+                            if(comm == "ins")
+                                ex = 1;
+                            else
+                                ex = 2;
+                        } else {
+                            if(ex == 1)
+                                b->insert(stod(comm));
+                            else
+                                b->remove(stod(comm));
+                            ex = 0;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                in >> k;
+                cout << b << endl;
+                out << b->sol(k) << endl;
+ 
+                delete b;
+                break;
+            }
+        case 'i':
+            {
+                bst<int>* b = new bst<int>{};
+                in >> n;
+                int k;
+                for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                    in >> comm;
+                    stringstream tcomm(comm);
+                    int ex= 0;
+                    while(getline(tcomm, comm, ':')) {
+                        if(ex == 0) {
+                            if(comm == "ins")
+                                ex = 1;
+                            else
+                                ex = 2;
+                        } else {
+                            if(ex == 1)
+                                b->insert(stoi(comm));
+                            else
+                                b->remove(stoi(comm));
+                            ex = 0;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                in >> k;
+                cout << b << endl;
+                out << b->sol(k) << endl;
+ 
+                delete b;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    in.close();
+    out.close();
+    return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/exam_20_07_20/ex5.cpp b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/exam_20_07_20/ex5.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd8fc98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/exam_20_07_20/ex5.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+#include<iostream>
+#include<vector>
+#include<algorithm>
+#include<queue>
+#include<stack>
+#include<fstream>
+#define INF 99999999
+#define W -1
+#define G 0
+#define B 1
+
+using namespace std;
+
+template<class H>
+class graph {
+public:
+    graph(int len) : _len{len}, _nodes{0}, _edges{0} {
+        _k = new H*[len];
+        _adj = new vector<int>[len];
+        _colors = new int[len];
+        _d = new int[len];
+        _f = new int[len];
+        _p = new int[len];
+
+        for(int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+            _k[i] = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+    ~graph() {
+        delete[] _k;
+        delete[] _adj;
+    }
+
+    graph<H>* add_node(H x) {
+        if(_index(x) > -1) return this;
+        if(_nodes == _len) return this;
+        _k[_nodes++] = new H(x);
+
+        return this;
+    }
+    graph<H>* add_edge(H u, H v) {
+        int i = _index(u);
+        int j = _index(v);
+        if(i < 0 || j < 0) return this;
+
+        if(find(_adj[i].begin(), _adj[i].end(), j) == _adj[i].end()) {
+            _adj[i].push_back(j);
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+    void print() {
+        for(int i = 0; i < _nodes; ++i) {
+            cout << "(" << *_k[i] << ", " << i << "): ";
+            for(auto const& j : _adj[i]) {
+                cout << "(" << *_k[j] << ", " << j << ") ";
+            }
+            cout << endl;
+        }
+    }
+    void dfsvisit(int u, bool visited[]) {
+        visited[u] = true;
+        cout << "(" << *_k[u] << ", " << u << ") ";
+        for(auto const& i : _adj[u]) {
+            if(!visited[i])
+                dfsvisit(i, visited);
+        }
+    }
+    int dfsvisit(int u) {
+        int cycle = 0;
+        _colors[u] = G;
+        _d[u] = _time++;
+
+        for(auto const& j : _adj[u]) {
+            if(_colors[j] == W)
+                cycle |= dfsvisit(j);
+        }
+
+        _colors[u] = B;
+        _stack.push(u);
+        _f[u] = _time++;
+        return cycle;
+    }
+    int dfs() {
+        int cycle = 0;
+        for(int i = 0; i < _nodes; ++i) {
+            _colors[i] = W;
+        }
+        _time = 0;
+        for(int i = 0; i < _nodes; ++i) {
+            if(_colors[i] == W)
+                cycle |= dfsvisit(i);
+            else if(_colors[i] == G)
+                cycle = 1;
+        }
+        for(int i = 0; i < _nodes; ++i) {
+            cout << "(" << *_k[i] << ", " << i << "): [" << _d[i] << "," << _f[i] << "]" << endl;
+        }
+        return cycle;
+    }
+
+    void top_sort() {
+        int cycle = dfs();
+        if(cycle) {
+            cout << "cyclic graph!" << endl;
+            return;
+        }
+        int* s = new int[_nodes];
+        for(int i = 0; i < _nodes; ++i) s[i] = i;
+        _sort(s, _nodes, _f);
+        for(int i = 0; i < _nodes; ++i) {
+            cout << "(" << s[i] << ", " << _f[s[i]] << ") ";
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    void bfs(H v) {
+        int s = _index(v);
+        if(s < 0) return;
+
+        for(int i = 0; i < _nodes; ++i) {
+            _colors[i] = W;
+            _d[i] = INF;
+            _p[i] = -1;
+        }
+        _colors[s] = G;
+        _d[s] = 0;
+        queue<int> q;
+        q.push(s);
+        while(!q.empty()) {
+            int u = q.front();
+            q.pop();
+            for(auto const& j : _adj[u]) {
+                if(_colors[j] == W) {
+                    _colors[j] = G;
+                    _d[j] = _d[u]+1;
+                    _p[j] = u;
+                    q.push(j);
+                }
+            }
+            _colors[u] = B;
+        }
+        for(int i = 0; i < _nodes; ++i) {
+            cout << "(" << *_k[i] << ", " << i << "): [" << _d[i] << "]" << endl;
+        }
+    }
+    int ssc() {
+        dfs();
+        cout << endl << endl;
+        bool* visited = new bool[_nodes];
+        for(int i = 0; i < _nodes; ++i)
+            visited[i] = false;
+        int count = 0;
+        while(!_stack.empty()) {
+            int v = _stack.top();
+            _stack.pop();
+            if(!visited[v]) {
+                dfsvisit(v, visited);
+                count++;
+                cout << endl;
+            }
+        }
+        delete[] visited;
+        return count;
+    }
+private:
+    graph<H>* _transpose() {
+        graph<H>* g = new graph<H>{_len};
+        for(int i = 0; i < _nodes; ++i) {
+            g->add_node(*_k[i]);
+        }
+
+        for(int i = 0; i < _nodes; ++i) {
+            for(auto const& j : _adj[i]) {
+                g->add_edge(j, i);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return g;
+    }
+    void _sort(int* d, int n, int* s) {
+        for(int i = -1; i < n; ++i) {
+            int j = i-1;
+            while(j > -1 && s[d[j+1]]>s[d[j]]) {
+                swap(d[s[j+1]], d[s[j]]);
+                --j;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    int _index(H x) {
+        for(int i = 0; i < _nodes; ++i)
+            if(*_k[i] == x) return i;
+
+        return -1;
+    }
+    stack<int> _stack;
+    H** _k;
+    vector<int>* _adj;
+    int _len, _nodes, _edges;
+    int* _colors;
+    int _time;
+    int* _d;
+    int* _f;
+    int* _p;
+};
+
+int main() {
+    ifstream in("input.txt");
+    ofstream out("output.txt");
+
+    for(int ts = 0; ts < 100; ++ts) {
+        int n, e;
+        in >> n>>e;
+        string t;
+        in >> t;
+        char _t;
+        switch(t.at(0)){
+            case 'd':{
+                graph<double>* g = new graph<double>{n};
+                double x, y;
+                for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                    in >> x;
+                    g->add_node(x);
+                }
+                for(int i = 0; i < e; ++i) {
+                    in >>_t;
+                    in >> x >> y;
+                    in >> _t;
+                    g->add_edge(x, y);
+                    g->add_edge(y, x);
+                }
+                g->print();
+                cout << endl << endl;
+                out << g->ssc()<<endl;
+                delete g;
+                break;
+             }
+            case 'i':{
+
+                graph<int>* g = new graph<int>{n};
+                int x, y;
+                for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                    in >> x;
+                    g->add_node(x);
+                }
+                for(int i = 0; i < e; ++i) {
+                    in >>_t;
+                    in >> x >> y;
+                    in >> _t;
+                    g->add_edge(x, y);
+                    g->add_edge(y, x);
+                }
+                g->print();
+                cout << endl << endl;
+                out << g->ssc()<<endl;
+                delete g;
+                break;
+                     }
+            case 'c': {
+
+                graph<char>* g = new graph<char>{n};
+                char x, y;
+                for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                    in >> x;
+                    g->add_node(x);
+                }
+                for(int i = 0; i < e; ++i) {
+                    in >>_t;
+                    in >> x >> y;
+                    in >> _t;
+                    g->add_edge(x, y);
+                    g->add_edge(y, x);
+                }
+                g->print();
+                cout << endl << endl;
+                out << g->ssc()<<endl;
+                delete g;
+                break;
+                      }
+        }
+    }
+    in.close();
+    out.close();
+    return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/inizia-con.cc b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/inizia-con.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97f0c39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/inizia-con.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#include<iostream>
+#include<string>
+#include<fstream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+string result(string s, char c) {
+    if(s.at(0) == c)
+        return s + ' ';
+
+    return "";
+}
+
+int main() {
+    ifstream in("input.txt");
+    ofstream out("output.txt");
+
+    for(int ts = 0; ts < 100; ++ts) {
+        int _;
+        string s;
+        char c;
+        in >> c;
+        for(int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+            in >> _ >> s;
+            out << result(s, c);
+        }
+        out << '\n';
+    }
+
+    in.close();
+    out.close();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/inserimento-coda.cc b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/inserimento-coda.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6775ca2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/inserimento-coda.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+#include<iostream>
+#include<fstream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+template<class T>
+class node {
+public:
+    node(T key, node<T>* next) : _key{key}, _next{next} {}
+    node(T key) : _key{key}, _next{nullptr} {}
+    const T& key() const { return _key; }
+    T& key() { return _key; }
+    const node<T>*& next() const { return _next; }
+    node<T>*& next() { return _next; }
+private:
+    T _key;
+    node<T>* _next;
+};
+
+template<class T>
+class Coda {
+public:
+    Coda() : _head{nullptr}, _tail{nullptr} {}
+    ~Coda() {
+
+    }
+    Coda<T>* enqueue(T val) {
+        if(!_head) {
+            _head = new node<T>{val, nullptr};
+            _tail = _head;
+        } else {
+            _tail->next() = new node<T>{val, nullptr};
+            _tail = _tail->next();
+        }
+
+        return this;
+    }
+    node<T>* pop() {
+        if(!_head) return nullptr;
+        node<T>* elem = _head;
+        delete _head;
+        _head = elem->next();
+
+        return elem;
+    }
+
+    bool is_empty() { return _head == nullptr; }
+private:
+    node<T>* _head;
+    node<T>* _tail;
+};
+
+int main() {
+    ifstream in("input.txt");
+    ofstream out("output.txt");
+
+    for(int ts = 0; ts < 100; ++ts) {
+        string t;
+        int n;
+        in >> t;
+        switch(t.at(0)) {
+        case 'b': {
+            Coda<bool>* queue = new Coda<bool>{};
+            in >> n;
+            bool e;
+            for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                in >> e;
+                queue->enqueue(e);
+            }
+            while(!queue->is_empty())
+                out << queue->pop()->key() << ' ';
+            out << endl;
+            break;
+        }
+        case 'd': {
+            Coda<double>* queue = new Coda<double>{};
+            in >> n;
+            double e;
+            for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                in >> e;
+                queue->enqueue(e);
+            }
+            while(!queue->is_empty())
+                out << queue->pop()->key() << ' ';
+            out << endl;
+            break;
+        }
+        case 'c': {
+            Coda<char>* queue = new Coda<char>{};
+            in >> n;
+            char e;
+            for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                in >> e;
+                queue->enqueue(e);
+            }
+            while(!queue->is_empty())
+                out << queue->pop()->key() << ' ';
+            out << endl;
+            break;
+        }
+        case 'i': {
+            Coda<int>* queue = new Coda<int>{};
+            in >> n;
+            int e;
+            for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                in >> e;
+                queue->enqueue(e);
+            }
+            while(!queue->is_empty())
+                out << queue->pop()->key() << ' ';
+            out << endl;
+            break;
+        }
+        }
+    }
+    in.close();
+    out.close();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/inserimento-pila.cc b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/inserimento-pila.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0dbe99b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/inserimento-pila.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+#include<iostream>
+#include<fstream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+template<class T>
+class node {
+public:
+    node(T key, node<T>* next) : _key{key}, _next{next} {}
+    node(T key) : _key{key}, _next{nullptr} {}
+    const T& key() const { return _key; }
+    T& key() { return _key; }
+    const node<T>*& next() const { return _next; }
+    node<T>*& next() { return _next; }
+private:
+    T _key;
+    node<T>* _next;
+};
+
+template<class T>
+class Pila {
+public:
+    Pila() : _head{nullptr}{}
+    ~Pila() {
+
+    }
+    Pila<T>* push(T val) {
+        if(!_head) {
+            _head = new node<T>{val, nullptr};
+        } else {
+            _head = new node<T>{val, _head};
+        }
+
+        return this;
+    }
+    node<T>* pop() {
+        if(!_head) return nullptr;
+        node<T>* elem = _head;
+        delete _head;
+        _head = elem->next();
+
+        return elem;
+    }
+
+    bool is_empty() { return _head == nullptr; }
+private:
+    node<T>* _head;
+};
+
+int main() {
+    ifstream in("input.txt");
+    ofstream out("output.txt");
+
+    for(int ts = 0; ts < 100; ++ts) {
+        string t;
+        int n;
+        in >> t;
+        switch(t.at(0)) {
+        case 'b': {
+            Pila<bool>* stack = new Pila<bool>{};
+            in >> n;
+            bool e;
+            for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                in >> e;
+                stack->push(e);
+            }
+            while(!stack->is_empty())
+                out << stack->pop()->key() << ' ';
+            out << endl;
+            break;
+        }
+        case 'd': {
+            Pila<double>* stack = new Pila<double>{};
+            in >> n;
+            double e;
+            for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                in >> e;
+                stack->push(e);
+            }
+            while(!stack->is_empty())
+                out << stack->pop()->key() << ' ';
+            out << endl;
+            break;
+        }
+        case 'c': {
+            Pila<char>* stack = new Pila<char>{};
+            in >> n;
+            char e;
+            for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                in >> e;
+                stack->push(e);
+            }
+            while(!stack->is_empty())
+                out << stack->pop()->key() << ' ';
+            out << endl;
+            break;
+        }
+        case 'i': {
+            Pila<int>* stack = new Pila<int>{};
+            in >> n;
+            int e;
+            for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                in >> e;
+                stack->push(e);
+            }
+            while(!stack->is_empty())
+                out << stack->pop()->key() << ' ';
+            out << endl;
+            break;
+        }
+        }
+    }
+    in.close();
+    out.close();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/matrice-adj.cc b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/matrice-adj.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7830f97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/matrice-adj.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+#include<iostream>
+#include<vector>
+#include<fstream>
+#include<sstream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+template<class H>
+class matrix_graph {
+public:
+    ~matrix_graph() {
+        delete[] _m;
+        delete[] _k;
+    }
+    matrix_graph(int len) : _len{len}, _nodes{0}, _edges{0} {
+        _m = new int*[len];
+        _k = new H*[len];
+        for(int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+            _m[i] = new int[len];
+            _k[i] = nullptr;
+            for(int j = 0; j < len; ++j)
+                _m[i][j] = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    matrix_graph<H>* add_node(H k) {
+        if(_len == _nodes) return this; // no more space for new nodes
+        if(_index(k) > -1) return this; // nodes already exists
+
+        _k[_nodes++] = new H(k);
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    matrix_graph<H>* add_edge(H x, H y) {
+        int i = _index(x);
+        int j = _index(y);
+        if(i < 0 || j < 0) return this;
+        if(!_m[i][j]) {
+            _m[i][j] = 1;
+            _edges++;
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+    vector<vector<H>> print() {
+        vector<vector<H>> v;
+        for(int i = 0; i < _len; ++i) {
+            v.push_back(vector<H>{*_k[i]});
+            vector<H> temp;
+            for(int j = 0; j < _len; ++j) {
+                if(_m[i][j]) {
+                    temp.push_back(*_k[j]);
+                }
+            }
+            sort(begin(temp), end(temp));
+            for(auto const& j : temp)
+                v[i].push_back(j);
+        }
+
+        sort(begin(v), end(v));
+        return v;
+    }
+private:
+    int _len, _nodes, _edges;
+    int** _m;
+    H** _k;
+    int _index(H x) {
+        for(int i = 0; i < _nodes; ++i)
+            if(*_k[i] == x) return i;
+        return -1;
+    }
+};
+
+template<class H>
+string result(vector<vector<H>> v) {
+    string s{""};
+    ostringstream ss;
+    for(auto const& i : v) {
+        s += "(";
+        for(auto const& j : i) {
+            ss << j;
+            s+= ss.str();
+            s+= ' ';
+            ss.str(""); ss.clear();
+        }
+        s.pop_back();
+        s += ") ";
+    }
+    return s;
+}
+
+int main() {
+    ifstream in("input.txt");
+    ofstream out("output.txt");
+    for(int ts = 0; ts < 100; ++ts) {
+        int n, m;
+        in >> n >> m;
+        string t;
+        in >> t;
+        if(t == "int") {
+            matrix_graph<int>* g = new matrix_graph<int>(n);
+            int x,y;
+            for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+               in >> x;
+               g->add_node(x);
+            }
+            char ex;
+            for(int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
+                in >> ex >> x >> y >> ex;
+                g->add_edge(x, y);
+            }
+            auto v = g->print();
+            out << result(v) << endl;
+            delete g;
+        } else if(t == "double") {
+            matrix_graph<double>* g = new matrix_graph<double>(n);
+            double x,y;
+            for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+               in >> x;
+               g->add_node(x);
+            }
+            char ex;
+            for(int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
+                in >> ex >> x >> y >> ex;
+                g->add_edge(x, y);
+            }
+            auto v = g->print();
+            out << result(v) << endl;
+            delete g;
+        } else {
+            matrix_graph<char>* g = new matrix_graph<char>(n);
+            char x,y;
+            for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+               in >> x;
+               g->add_node(x);
+            }
+            char ex;
+            for(int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
+                in >> ex >> x >> y >> ex;
+                g->add_edge(x, y);
+            }
+
+            auto v = g->print();
+            out << result(v) << endl;
+            delete g;
+        }
+    }
+    in.close();
+    out.close();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/minore.cc b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/minore.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..677da76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/minore.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#include<iostream>
+#include<string>
+#include<fstream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+    ifstream in("input.txt");
+    ofstream out("output.txt");
+
+    for(int ts = 0; ts < 100; ++ts) {
+        string s;
+        in >> s;
+        int minor = stoi(s);
+        for(in >> s; s != "STOP"; in >> s) {
+            int si = stoi(s);
+            if(si < minor)
+                minor = si;
+        }
+
+        out << minor << '\n';
+    }
+
+    in.close();
+    out.close();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/pop-stack.cc b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/pop-stack.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3739450
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/pop-stack.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#include<iostream>
+#include<fstream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+template<class T>
+class node {
+public:
+    node(T key, node<T>* next) : _key{key}, _next{next} {}
+    node(T key) : _key{key}, _next{nullptr} {}
+    const T& key() const { return _key; }
+    T& key() { return _key; }
+    const node<T>*& next() const { return _next; }
+    node<T>*& next() { return _next; }
+private:
+    T _key;
+    node<T>* _next;
+};
+
+template<class T>
+class Pila {
+public:
+    Pila() : _head{nullptr}{}
+    ~Pila() {
+
+    }
+    Pila<T>* push(T val) {
+        if(!_head) {
+            _head = new node<T>{val, nullptr};
+        } else {
+            _head = new node<T>{val, _head};
+        }
+
+        return this;
+    }
+    node<T>* pop() {
+        if(!_head) return nullptr;
+        node<T>* elem = _head;
+        delete _head;
+        _head = elem->next();
+
+        return elem;
+    }
+
+    bool is_empty() { return _head == nullptr; }
+private:
+    node<T>* _head;
+};
+
+int main() {
+    ifstream in("input.txt");
+    ofstream out("output.txt");
+
+    for(int ts = 0; ts < 100; ++ts) {
+        string t;
+        int n;
+        in >> t;
+        switch(t.at(0)) {
+        case 'b': {
+            Pila<bool>* stack = new Pila<bool>{};
+            in >> n;
+            string s;
+            for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                in >> s;
+                if(s.at(0) == 'i') {
+                    stack->push(s.at(1) - '0');
+                } else {
+                    stack->pop();
+                }
+            }
+            while(!stack->is_empty())
+                out << stack->pop()->key() << ' ';
+            out << endl;
+            break;
+        }
+        case 'd': {
+            Pila<double>* stack = new Pila<double>{};
+            in >> n;
+            string s;
+            for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                in >> s;
+                if(s.at(0) == 'i') {
+                    stack->push(stod(s.substr(1, s.length()-1)));
+                } else {
+                    stack->pop();
+                }
+            }
+            while(!stack->is_empty())
+                out << stack->pop()->key() << ' ';
+            out << endl;
+            break;
+        }
+        case 'c': {
+            Pila<char>* stack = new Pila<char>{};
+            in >> n;
+            string s;
+            for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                in >> s;
+                if(s.at(0) == 'i') {
+                    stack->push(s.at(1));
+                } else {
+                    stack->pop();
+                }
+            }
+            while(!stack->is_empty())
+                out << stack->pop()->key() << ' ';
+            out << endl;
+            break;
+        }
+        case 'i': {
+            Pila<int>* stack = new Pila<int>{};
+            in >> n;
+            string s;
+            for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                in >> s;
+                if(s.at(0) == 'i') {
+                    stack->push(stoi(s.substr(1, s.length()-1)));
+                } else {
+                    stack->pop();
+                }
+            }
+            while(!stack->is_empty())
+                out << stack->pop()->key() << ' ';
+            out << endl;
+            break;
+        }
+        }
+    }
+    in.close();
+    out.close();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/prima-maiuscola.cc b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/prima-maiuscola.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6273219
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/prima-maiuscola.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include<iostream>
+#include<string>
+#include<fstream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+string result(string s) {
+    s.at(0) = toupper(s.at(0));
+
+    return s;
+}
+
+int main() {
+    ifstream in("input.txt");
+    ofstream out("output.txt");
+
+    for(int ts = 0; ts < 100; ++ts) {
+        int _;
+        string s;
+        for(int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+            in >> _ >> s;
+            out << result(s) << ' ';
+        }
+        out << '\n';
+    }
+
+    in.close();
+    out.close();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/ripetute.cc b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/ripetute.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23d151a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/ripetute.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include<iostream>
+#include<string>
+#include<fstream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+    ifstream in("input.txt");
+    ofstream out("output.txt");
+
+    for(int ts = 0; ts < 100; ++ts) {
+        string s;
+        in >> s;
+        out << s+s << '\n';
+    }
+
+    in.close();
+    out.close();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/sol-ripetute.cc b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/sol-ripetute.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1518d76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/sol-ripetute.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#include<iostream>
+#include<string>
+#include<fstream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+string result(string s) {
+    int half = s.length()/2;
+    return s.substr(0, half);
+}
+
+int main() {
+    ifstream in("input.txt");
+    ofstream out("output.txt");
+
+    for(int ts = 0; ts < 100; ++ts) {
+        string s;
+        in >> s;
+        out << result(s) << '\n';
+    }
+
+    in.close();
+    out.close();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/sottosequenza.cc b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/sottosequenza.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d7c481
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/sottosequenza.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#include<iostream>
+#include<fstream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+    ifstream in("input.txt");
+    ofstream out("output.txt");
+
+    for(int ts = 0; ts < 100; ++ts) {
+        int n; string s;
+        in >> n >> s;
+        string tm;
+        for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            in >> tm;
+            if(tm.find(s) != string::npos)
+                out << tm << ' ';
+        }
+        out << '\n';
+    }
+
+    in.close();
+    out.close();
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/stringa-inversa.cc b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/stringa-inversa.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c37718
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Year_1/Programming_2/exercises/stringa-inversa.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#include<iostream>
+#include<fstream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+    ifstream in("input.txt");
+    ofstream out("output.txt");
+
+    for(int ts = 0; ts < 100; ++ts) {
+        int n;
+        in >> n;
+        for(int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+            string s;
+            in >> s;
+            for(int j = s.length()-1; j > -1; --j) {
+                out << s.at(j);
+            }
+            out << ' ';
+        }
+        out << endl;
+    }
+
+    out.close();
+    in.close();
+}